Brittany

The Twenty Second Amendment// __** //Section 1: No person shall be elected president more than twice, and no person who has held the office of President or acted as president for more than two years of a term to which some other person was elected President shall be elected to the office of the President more than once. But this Article shall not apply to any person holding the office of President when this article was proposed by the Congress, and shall not prevent any person who may be holding the office of President, or acting as President, during the term within which this Article becomse operative from holding the office of President or acting as Presiden tduring the remainder of such term.
 * __ //[[image:constitution_cover.gif]]

Section 2: This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by the legislatures of three-fourths of the several States within seven years from the date of its submission to the States by the Congress.//

**__Common Terms:__** Section 1: - No one can be president more than two terms. -No one can be elected to office more than two times. -This Article does not remove anyone affected by this article from office. media type="custom" key="5040317" Section 2: -This Article does not apply unless 3/4 of the States ratify it within 7 years.

__**A Brief History: **__ The 22nd Amendment was ratified on February 27, 1951, 1,439 days after it passed Congress. The Amendment was introduced after the unprecedented four terms of Franklin D. Roosevelt. Educators point to George Washington's refusal to run for a 3rd term as a sign that the founding fathers did not want any president to run for more than 2 terms. SUPREME COURT CASES:
 * //U.S. Term Limits v. Thornton,//** **514 US 779 (1995)**

Arkansas adopted Amendment 73 to their state constitution on November 3, 1992, after voters ratified the amendment at the polls. The "Term Limitation Amendment" sought to limit the number of times a Congressperson could be elected to office. It set the limit at three terms for members of the U.S. House of Representatives, and at two terms for members of the U.S. Senate, on the grounds that entrenched incumbency reduces voter participation, and that the incumbent becomes so preoccupied with reelection that they neglect their duties as representatives of the People.

Bobbie Hill, a member of the League of Women Voters, sued in state court to have the amendment invalidated as unconstitutional. The state courts agreed with Hill, but the State appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court.

In a 5-4 vote, the Supreme Court ruled that Arkansas Amendment 73 was in conflict with Article I, Section 2, Clause 2 and Article I, Section 3, Clause 3, respectively, which imposes no term limitations on the Offices in question. The Court held that States cannot apply stricter standards than those specified in the U.S. Constitution. This ruling invalidated the term limitations set by 23 states.


 * ~ # ||~ State ||~ Date ||~ * ||
 * 1 || Maine || Mar 31, 1947 ||  ||
 * 2 || Michigan || Mar 31, 1947 ||  ||
 * 3 || Iowa || Apr 1, 1947 ||  ||
 * 4 || Kansas || Apr 1, 1947 ||  ||
 * 5 || New Hampshire || Apr 1, 1947 ||  ||
 * 6 || Delaware || Apr 2, 1947 ||  ||
 * 7 || Illinois || Apr 3, 1947 ||  ||
 * 8 || Oregon || Apr 3, 1947 ||  ||
 * 9 || Colorado || Apr 12, 1947 ||  ||
 * 10 || California || Apr 15, 1947 ||  ||
 * 11 || New Jersey || Apr 15, 1947 ||  ||
 * 12 || Vermont || Apr 15, 1947 ||  ||
 * 13 || Ohio || Apr 16, 1947 ||  ||
 * 14 || Wisconsin || Apr 16, 1947 ||  ||
 * 15 || Pennsylvania || Apr 29, 1947 ||  ||
 * 16 || Connecticut || May 21, 1947 ||  ||
 * 17 || Missouri || May 22, 1947 ||  ||
 * 18 || Nebraska || May 23, 1947 ||  ||
 * 19 || Virginia || Jan 28, 1948 ||  ||
 * 20 || Mississippi || Feb 12, 1948 ||  ||
 * 21 || New York || Mar 9, 1948 ||  ||
 * 22 || South Dakota || Jan 21, 1949 ||  ||
 * 23 || North Dakota || Feb 25, 1949 ||  ||
 * 24 || Louisiana || May 17, 1950 ||  ||
 * 25 || Montana || Jan 25, 1951 ||  ||
 * 26 || Indiana || Jan 29, 1951 ||  ||
 * 27 || Idaho || Jan 30, 1951 ||  ||
 * 28 || New Mexico || Feb 12, 1951 ||  ||
 * 29 || Wyoming || Feb 12, 1951 ||  ||
 * 30 || Arkansas || Feb 15, 1951 ||  ||
 * 31 || Georgia || Feb 17, 1951 ||  ||
 * 32 || Tennessee || Feb 20, 1951 ||  ||
 * 33 || Texas || Feb 22, 1951 ||  ||
 * 34 || Nevada || Feb 26, 1951 ||  ||
 * 35 || Utah || Feb 26, 1951 ||  ||
 * 36 || Minnesota || Feb 27, 1951 || * ||
 * 37 || North Carolina || Feb 28, 1951 ||  ||
 * 38 || South Carolina || Mar 13, 1951 ||  ||
 * 39 || Maryland || Mar 14, 1951 ||  ||
 * 40 || Florida || Apr 16, 1951 ||  ||
 * 41 || Alabama || May 4, 1951 ||  ||
 * Ratified in 1439 days ||